Simulation Review - 1188 Words

â€Å"Representing over 20 percent of the U.S. Gross Domestic Product and accounting for approximately $1.5 trillion in revenue, health care is the single largest industry in the U.S. today.† (University of Phoenix, 2015). However, it is a vulnerable industry. The facility we are looking at is in New York, where the third highest losses in the country occur because of numerous problems dealing with Medicare and Medicaid reimbursements, cuts in funding, and pressures for discounted managed care, amongst others. The facility is called Elijah Heart Center (EHC). First we looked at the capital shortage because in an emergency, the hospital might not have enough cash to sustain itself. The challenge was to decide on the best strategy to solve the†¦show more content†¦The simulator agrees. Once the capital shortage was dealt with and the new equipment was funded, we can now look forward toward capital expansion. The facility is seeing growth in patients and now wants to exp and. Deciding on funding sources for expansion is a big decision that carries many risks. The option I chose was the HUD 242 Loan Insurance Program. I chose it because the net present value (NPV) for the project was $221 million when funded this way. This also allows them to have better interest rates because it’s treated as an investment grade loan, versus a risky one. The simulation agreed and further added that â€Å"the advantage of these bonds is that they are callable after eight years. If interest rates were to go down, it would be profitable for EHC to buy back the bonds and reissue the debt at a lower cost† and â€Å"there are no deadlines for using the funds unlike Tax-Exempt Revenue Bonds and they do not have any foreclosure fees as in private banking funding.† (University of Phoenix, 2015) I enjoyed this simulation because it provides a glimpse into a real life situation that is part of being a facility manager. I learned a great deal from the summar ies provided by the simulation at the end of each section. I would have liked to have all the variables laid out before me and I think I would have made better decisions. But, I learned a lot from the information. Some of it was new to me like how the government reimburses less for procedures done on refurbishedShow MoreRelatedSimulation Review1150 Words   |  5 PagesSimulation Review Paper Kimberly Roehler HCS 405 September 26, 2011 Sandra DiPietro Simulation Review This is a stimulation review of a cardiac care unit that is facing working capital shortages. As the lead financial consultant brought into address the financial indicators and evaluate to bring working capital back to in order at the Elijah Heart Center (EHC). The other financial analyst will focused around addressing issues as they relate to this particular cardiac care unit; whatRead MoreSimulation Review Paper1075 Words   |  5 Pages1 Administrative Ethics Paper Shannan Eddings HCS/335 December 10, 2011 Joann Wilcox In the healthcare field there are many institutions that specialize in different methods of treatment such as a nursing assistant, dentist, pathologist, psychiatrist and physical therapists to name a few. With these different jobs and countless employees in the medical profession, there are plenty of patients to be cared for because everyone needs medical attention no matter if it is a broken arm or gettingRead MoreThe Difference Between Bisimulation And Forced Simulation1266 Words   |  6 PagesLiterature Review: The difference between Bisimulation and Forced Simulation Haowei Zheng hzhe024@aucklanduni.ac.nz 1. INTRODUCTION Currently, component reuse techniques have become more and more important for handling the rapidly increasing complexities of component based embedded system. Bisimulation is a well-known technique which has been proposed in the very early stage of simulation development. It provides the functionality of checking for process equivalent in process algebras. ManyRead MoreEssay on Effectiveness of Scenario Based Simulation Training 1579 Words   |  7 Pagesprograms to seek alternative methods of clinical instruction. In years past simulation training was used as an aid to facilitate learning. Today, for many nursing programs scenario based simulation is the only option for learning patient care. Which brings about the question as to just how effective is simulation training? According to Kneebone, Nestel, Vincent, Darzer (2007), â€Å"To be effective, however, such simulation must be realistic, patient-focused, structured, and grounded in an authenticRead MoreA Study On Advancing Entrepreneurial Skills And Abilities Through The Use Of Simulation Games On Secondary Shool Business Education1206 Words   |  5 Pages KEABETSWE PHUTHEGO 200903371 ELB 504 GUIDED STUDY IN BUSINESS EDUCATION TOPIC: ADVANCING ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS AND ABILITIES THROUGH THE USE OF SIMULATION GAMES IN SECONDARY SHOOL BUSINESS EDUCATION DUE DATE: 8 APRIL 2016 INTRODUCTION What can we as teachers do to influence our learners to become entrepreneurs? The government of Botswana has been over the years working tirelessly in trying to curb unemployment more especially among the youth, as well as motivating them to venture intoRead MoreSimulating The Entire Learning Environment, To Be Used1288 Words   |  6 Pagesopportunity: how can a system designer design, implement, and validate a simulation to be used in evaluating adaptive support systems for doctoral learners. My proposed research aims to address this gap by depicting the design process, implementation, validation, and use of a simulation model for em-pirical evaluation of various personalized support strategies for doctoral learners. While the long-term goal is to show how simulation can be used to evaluate the design process of advanced learning technologiesRead MoreHcs 405 Simulation Review Essay1282 Words   |  6 PagesSimulation Review Essay Macy Skalski HCS/405 Health Care Financial Accounting University of Phoenix- AXIA Instructor Sherida Douglass November 19, 2012 Simulation Review Essay The Elijah Heart Center is facing the financial distress common in specialized health care organizations. This is the combination of the need for improved technology, a reduced income, and the demand for expansion. Without the needed technology and expansion, there is little that the hospital can do to improve theRead MoreEssay on Simulation Review: Hcs/4051236 Words   |  5 PagesSimulation Review Janette E. Guevara HCS/405 August 26, 2013 Todd Brown Simulation Review I have been brought in as a financial advisor to assist Mr. Gilbert Sanchez, CEO at Elijah Heart Hospital (EHC) to find some cost efficient ways to continue to provide quality care but at the same time reduce costs for the organization. EHC is a hospital that specializes in Cardiac surgeries and procedures. They would like to expand and have a promising growth in patients as well as revenue, but withRead MoreSimulation Of Nursing Education : A Literature Review1712 Words   |  7 PagesSimulation in Nursing Education: A Literature Review Teachers are champions of learning. They work endlessly to push students to succeed and grow. They teach them to be better readers, writers, mathematicians, scientist, historians and artists. Teachers are constantly evaluating what they can do to help their students learn and to achieve personal goals, life goals, and become productive members of society. However, not all learners have the same learning style and not all teachers have the sameRead MoreThe Importance Of Emergency Intervention And Management Services6296 Words   |  26 Pages CCRN – ECMO specialist. This team, along with our team liaison, Hunter Rich, MHA, RN, have devoted countless hours researching, brainstorming and trialing a multitude of simulation scenarios and methods with staff and providers. Their deliberate planning and expertise will lead to a lasting and successful line of simulation environment aimed at benefiting our pediatric patients on ECMO services with the best possible outcome  œ life. Table of Contents Acknowledgements 2 Executive Summary †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8

Computers in Modern Manufacturing Free Essays

COMPUTERS IN MODERN MANUFCTURING INTRODUCTION: Computers play invaluable role in modern manufacturing. In fact, nearly all modern manufacturing support systems are implemented using computer systems through automation. It reduces manual work in manufacturing and production. We will write a custom essay sample on Computers in Modern Manufacturing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Computer Integrated Manufacturing(CIM) is the terminology used to describe the complete automation of a manufacturing plant. CIM involves integrating the functions of designing products, production planning, operational control and business-related functions in one system that operates throughout the enterprise. All of the processes function under computer control. Digital information ties them altogether. The different computer controlled processes are as follows: -aided design , computer-aided manufacturing CAD/CAM: The heart of CIM is CAD/CAM. Computer-aided design(CAD) denotes the use of computer systems to support the product design function. Using CAD, it is possible to simulate in three dimensions the movement of a part through a production process. Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) denotes the use of computer systems to perform functions related to manufacturing engineering, such as process planning and numerical control(NC) part programming. Some computer systems perform both CAD and CAM, and so the term CAD/CAM is used to indicate the integration of the two into one system. CAD/CAM is concerned with the engineering functions in both design and manufacturing. The method of manufacturing a product is a direct function of its design. Through CAD/CAM technology, it is possible to establish a direct link between product design and manufacturing engineering. They have together overcome traditional NC shortcomings in expense, ease of use, and speed by enabling the design and manufacture of a part to be undertaken using the same data encoding system. CAD/CAM has also given the designer much more direct control over the manufacturing process. ADVANTAGES: CAD/CAM enables manufacturers to reduce the costs of producing goods by minimizing the involvement of human operators. They enable manufacturers to make quick alterations to the product design and obtain instant results. Also there is no risk of human(repetitive) error. This finally results in lower operational costs, lower end product prices and increased profits for manufacturers. CAD/CAM systems also facilitate communication among those involved in design, manufacturing, and other processes. This is of particular importance when one firm contracts another to either design or produce a component. DISADVANTAGES: There are no means of comprehending real-world concepts in CAD systems, such as the nature of the object being designed or the function that object will serve. CAD systems function by their capacity to codify geometrical concepts. Thus the design process using CAD involves transferring a designer’s idea into a formal geometrical model. Thus CAD cannot build the exact design as it is on the designer’s mind. Also, there are several limitations of CAM. Setting up of infrastructure to begin with is very expensive. CAM requires not only NC machine tools themselves but also an extensive software and hardware to develop the design models and convert them into manufacturing instructions. The output from the CAM software is usually a simple text file of G-code, sometimes many thousands of commands long, that is then transferred to a machine tool using a direct numerical control (DNC) program. CAM packages still cannot reason like a machinist. The field of computer-aided management is fraught with inconsistency. While all numerical controlled machine tools operate using G-code, there is no universally used standard for the code itself. CAD systems tend to store data in their own proprietary format, so it can often be a challenge to transfer data from CAD to CAM software. There are some problems with CIM also. Existing equipment and software may be incompatible with each other leading to expensive updates or replacements. Extensive programming may also be required to produce optimal schedules and part sequence. CAE: Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) systems are very useful systems for engineering area. Integrated or independent CAE systems are used by design engineers and specialists. Computer simulation is very significant tool for designers. The reason is to understand to the behaviour of the technical systems before their prototype production. Therefore many analytical programmes have been created in the last thirty years for engineering area. These programmes are entitled as Computer Aided Engineering (CAE). UTILISATION OF CAD/CAM SYSTEMS PRO/ENGINEER: Pro/ENGINEER is full parameter 3D graphic CAD/CAM system, determined mainly for general manufacture engineering and for automation of design engineering. With graphical system Pro/ENGINEER is able to create fully, unambiguous and accurately spaced model of solid body simply and quickly. CONCLUSION: Utilisation of CAD/CAM systems is highly effective because it enables to reduce the process development time and the introduction of a new product in the market in a large scale. Recent technical developments have fundamentally impacted the utility of CAD/CAM systems. For example, the everincreasing processing power of personal computers has given them viability as a vehicle for CAD/CAM application. Another important development is the establishment of a single CAD-CAM standard, so that different data packages can be exchanged without manufacturing and delivery delays. REFERENCES: 1. Groover, M. P. : Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing. USA, January 2000, Prentice Hall 2. Paper on Design for Engineering Unit # 6 Research and Development Annette Beattie August 10, 2006 3. www. wikipedia. com How to cite Computers in Modern Manufacturing, Papers

Nuclear Power Essay Summary Example For Students

Nuclear Power Essay Summary Radioactive wastes, must for the protection of mankind be stored or disposed in such a manner that isolation from the biosphere is assured until they have decayed to innocuous levels. If this is not done, the world could face severe physical problems to living species living on this planet. Some atoms can disintegrate spontaneously. As they do, they emit ionizing radiation. Atoms having this property are called radioactive. By far the greatest number of uses for radioactivity in Canada relate not to the fission, but to the decay of radioactive materials radioisotopes. These are unstable atoms that emit energy for a period of time that varies with the isotope. During this active period, while the atoms are decaying to a stable state their energies can be used according to the kind of energy they emit. Since the mid 1900s radioactive wastes have been stored in different manners, but since several years new ways of disposing and storing these wastes have been developed so they may no l onger be harmful. A very advantageous way of storing radioactive wastes is by a process called vitrification. Vitrification is a semi-continuous process that enables the following operations to be carried out with the same equipment: evaporation of the waste solution mixed with the additives necesary for the production of borosilicate glass, calcination and elaboration of the glass. These operations are carried out in a metallic pot that is heated in an induction urnace. The vitrification of one load of wastes comprises of the following stages. The first step is Feeding. In this step the vitrification receives a constant flow of mixture of wastes and of additives until it is 80% full of calcine. The feeding rate and heating power are adjusted so that an aqueous phase of several litres is permanently maintained at the surface of the pot. The second step is the Calcination and glass evaporation. In this step when the pot is practically full of calcine, the temperature is progressively increased up to 1100 to 1500 C and then is maintained for several hours so to allow the glass to elaborate. Th e third step is Glass casting. The glass is cast in a special container. The heating of the output of the vitrification pot causes the glass plug to melt, thus allowing the glass to flow into containers which are then transferred into the storage. Although part of the waste is transformed into a solid product there is still treatment of gaseous and liquid wastes. The gases that escape from the pot during feeding and calcination are collected and sent to ruthenium filters, condensers and scrubbing columns. The ruthenium filters consist of a bed of glass pellets coated with ferrous oxide and maintained at a temperature of 500 C. In the treatment of liquid wastes, the condensates collected contain about 15% ruthenium. This is then concentrated in an evaporator where nitric acid is destroyed by formaldehyde so as to maintain low acidity. The concentration is then neutralized and enters the vitrification pot. Once the vitrification process is finished, the containers are stored in a stor age pit. This pit has been designed so that the number of containers that may be stored is equivalent to nine years of production. Powerful ventilators provide air circulation to cool down glass.The glass produced has the advantage of being stored as solid rather than liquid. The advantages of the solids are that they have almost complete insolubility, chemical inertias, absence of volatile products and good radiation resistance. The ruthenium that escapes is absorbed by a filter. The amount of ruthenium likely to be released into the environment is minimal. Another method that is being used today to get rid of radioactive waste is the placement and self processingradioactive wastes in deep underground cavities. This is the disposing of toxic wastes by incorporating them into molten silicate rock, with low permeability. By this method, liquid wastes are injected into a deep underground cavity with mineral treatment and allowed to self-boil. The resulting steam is processed at ground level and recycled in a closed system. When waste addition is terminated, the chimney is allowed to boil dry. The heat generated by the radioactive wastes then melts the surrounding rock, thus dissolving the wastes. When waste and water addition stop, the cavity temperature would rise to the melting point of the rock. As the molten rock mass increases in size, so does the surface area. This results in a higher rate of conductive heat loss to the surrounding rock. Concurrently the heat production rate of radioactivity diminishes because of decay. When the heat loss rate exceeds that of input, the molten rock will begin to cool and solidify. Finally the rock refreezes, trapping the radioactivity in an insoluble rock matrix deep underground. The heat surrounding the radioactivity would prevent the intrusion of ground water. After all, the steam and vapour are no longer released. The outlet hole would be sealed. To go a little deeper into this concept, the treatment of the wastes befor e injection is very important. To avoid breakdown of the rock that constitutes the formation, the acidity of he wastes has to be reduced. It has been established experimentally that pH values of 6.5 to 9.5 are the best for all receiving formations. With such a pH range, breakdown of the formation rock and dissociation of the formation water are avoided. The stability of waste containing metal cations which become hydrolysed in acid can be guaranteed only by complexing agents which form water-soluble complexes with cations in the relevant pH range. The importance of complexing in the preparation of wastes increases because raising of the waste solution pH to neutrality, or slight alkalinity results in increased sorption by the formation rock of radioisotopes present in the form of free cations. The incorporation of such cations causes a pronounced change in their distribution between the liquid and solid phases and weakens the bonds between isotopes and formation rock. Now preparatio n of the formation is as equally important. To reduce the possibility of chemical interaction between the waste and the formation, the waste is first flushed with acid solutions. This operation removes the principal minerals likely to become involved in exchange reactions and the soluble rock particles, thereby creating a porous zone capable of accommodating the waste. In this case the required acidity of the flushing solution is established experimentally, while the required amount of radial dispersion is determined using the formula:R = Qt2 mn R is the waste dispersion radius (metres)Q is the flow rate (m/day)t is the solution pumping time (days)m is the effective thickness of the formation (metres)n is the effective porosity of the formation (%)In this concept, the storage and processing are minimized. There is no surface storage of wastes required. The permanent binding of radioactive wastes in rock matrix gives assurance of its permanent elimination in the environment. This is a method of disposal safe from the effects of earthquakes, floods or sabotages. With the development of new ion exchangers and the advances made in ion technology, the field of application of these materials in waste treatment continues to grow. Decontamination factors achieved in ion exchange treatment of waste solutions vary with the type and composition of the waste stream, the radionuclides in the solution and the type of exchanger. Waste solution to be processed by ion exchange should have a low suspended solids concentration, less than 4ppm, since this material will interfere with the process by coating the exchanger surface. Generally the waste solutions should contain less than 2500mg/l total solids. Most of the dissolved solids would be ionized and would compete with the radionuclides for the exchange sites. In the event where the waste can meet these specifications, two principal techniques are used: batch operation and column operation. .uf94f90c3f79891bc25c2dbcc013861e3 , .uf94f90c3f79891bc25c2dbcc013861e3 .postImageUrl , .uf94f90c3f79891bc25c2dbcc013861e3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf94f90c3f79891bc25c2dbcc013861e3 , .uf94f90c3f79891bc25c2dbcc013861e3:hover , .uf94f90c3f79891bc25c2dbcc013861e3:visited , .uf94f90c3f79891bc25c2dbcc013861e3:active { border:0!important; } .uf94f90c3f79891bc25c2dbcc013861e3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf94f90c3f79891bc25c2dbcc013861e3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf94f90c3f79891bc25c2dbcc013861e3:active , .uf94f90c3f79891bc25c2dbcc013861e3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf94f90c3f79891bc25c2dbcc013861e3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf94f90c3f79891bc25c2dbcc013861e3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf94f90c3f79891bc25c2dbcc013861e3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf94f90c3f79891bc25c2dbcc013861e3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf94f90c3f79891bc25c2dbcc013861e3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf94f90c3f79891bc25c2dbcc013861e3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf94f90c3f79891bc25c2dbcc013861e3 .uf94f90c3f79891bc25c2dbcc013861e3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf94f90c3f79891bc25c2dbcc013861e3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Iron Jawed Angels EssayThe batch operation consists of placing a given quantity of waste solution and a predetermined amount of exchanger in a vessel, mixing them well and permitting them to stay in contact until equilibrium is reached. The solution is then filtered. The extent of the exchange is limited by the selectivity of the resin. Therefore, unless the selectivity for the radioactive ion is very favourable, the efficiency of removal will be low. Column application is essentially a large number of batch operations in series. Column operations become more practical. In many waste solutions, the radioactive ions are cations and a single column or series of columns of ca tion exchanger will provide decontamination. High capacity organic resins are often used because of their good flow rate and rapid rate of exchange. Monobed or mixed bed columns contain cation and anion exchangers in the same vessel. Synthetic organic resins, of the strong acid and strong base type are usually used. During operation of mixed bed columns, cation and anion exchangers are mixed to ensure that the acis formed after contact with the H-form cation resins immediately neutralized by the OH-form anion resin. The monobed or mixed bed systems are normally more economical to process waste solutions. Against background of growing concern over the exposure of the population or any portion of it to any level of radiation, however small, the methods which have been successfully used in the past to dispose of radioactive wastes must be reexamined. There are two commonly used methods, the storage of highly active liquid wastes and the disposal of low activity liquid wastes to a natural environment: sea, river or ground. In the case of the storage of highly active wastes, no absolute guarantee can ever be given. This is because of a possible vessel deterioration or catastrophe which would cause a release of radioactivity. The only alternative to dilution and dispersion is that of concentration and storage. This is implied for the low activity wastes disposed into the environment. The alternative may be to evaporate off the bulk of the waste to obtain a small concentrated volume. The aim is to develop more efficient types of evaporators. At the same time the decontamination factors obtained in evaporation must be high to ensure that the activity of the condensate is negligible, though there remains the problem of accidental dispersion. Much effort is current in many countries on the establishment of the ultimate disposal methods. These are defined to those who fix the fission product activity in a non-leakable solid state, so that the general dispersion can never occur. The most promising outlines in the near future are; the absorbtion of montmorillonite clay which is comprised of natural clays that have a goo d capacity for chemical exchange of cations and can store radioactive wastes, fused salt calcination which will neutralize the wastes and high temperature processing. Even though man has made many breakthroughs in the processing, storage and disintegration of radioactive wastes, there is still much work ahead to render the wastes absolutely harmless.